<p>Hyde Park, also known as Old Field, Hyde Farmlands, Hyde Farmlands Academy, Hyde Farms, and Hyde Park Farm, is a historic home and farm complex located at Burkeville, Nottoway County, Virginia. The original section was built between 1762 and 1782, and is a three-story, three bay, brick vernacular Federal style central passage dwelling. It was enlarged between 1840 and 1860. Between 1906 and 1911, a two-story Greek Revival-inspired brick addition was added to the east gable and a three-story Colonial Revival brick addition to the northwest corner. The farm complex also includes the tenant house, kitchen/wash house, ten log chicken houses , dairy barn, six small outbuildings, and the Fowlkes family cemetery. Also on the property is a large, multi-component archaeological site as well as the ruins of brooder houses, additional farm outbuildings, the tenant farmer house site, the cattle barn ruin, the old mill complex site, and the new mill complex site. During the 1930s and early 1940s, the property provided the opportunity for agriculturally skilled Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany to immigrate to America and expand the farm&#39;s productivity.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Port of Zarubino  is a sea port situated in Zarubino on the south of Primorsky Krai in the Trinity Bay, northwestern part of the Sea of Japan. The port is 18 km from the border with China and close to the border with North Korea. A railway line from the port connects to railway lines running north to Vladivostok, west to Hunchun of Jilin Province in China where a high speed rail terminus is operational, and south to Rajin in North Korea via Khasan, respectively. It is ice-free year round.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Port of Zarubino originated from the construction of a fishing industry sea port which began in 1972.</p><br>
<p>In June 1973, the Order of " Primorrybproma " from 06.01.1973 Direction was formed under construction fishing port "Trinity". In July 1981, the Order of the All-Union Association of the Far Eastern fishery basin ( VRPO " Dalryba ") dated 01.06.1981 in the village formed the Zarubino enterprise Sea Fishing Port Trinity.</p><br>
<p>In December 1988, in accordance with the order of the USSR Ministry of Fisheries from 01.12.1988 №450 Enterprise "Sea Fishing Port " Trinity " " was renamed "Khasan fishing port".</p><br>
<p>In April 1992, the Order of the Government of Russia from 15.04.1992 № 739- p Khasan sea commercial port Trinity Bay was opened to foreign vessels.</p><br>
<p>A railway line from the port connects to the railway line from Vladivostok to Khasan on the border with North Korea and the line to Jilin Province in China.</p><br>
<p>In May 2013 Order of the Russian Ministry of Health of 12.11.2012 № 904n cancelled orders from the Health Ministry of Russia 7.03.2012 № 207n that point through the state border of the Russian Federation in the seaport Zarubino was included in the list of checkpoints across the state border of the Russian Federation, especially equipped and intended for import of goods, chemical, biological and radioactive substances, waste and other goods that are hazardous to human food products, materials and articles in contact with food.</p><br>
<h3>Development</h3><br>
<p>There are prospects of development of the Zarubino seaport through either the construction of new or expansion of existing port infrastructure. In February 2014 plans were announced for construction of a grain terminal with capacity of 5 million tons in a joint venture of United Grain Company with Dalport, an affiliate of multi-industry holding Summa Group of Russia. It is planned to bring the total volume of cargo handling in the seaport to 10 million tons and to supply grain to the Asia-Pacific region, including by increasing the processing of rolling cargo (cars and other equipment), fish and containers not only Russian export-import, but also for the purposes of transit, from north to south China and from China to Korea.</p><br>
<p>In May 2014 Jilin province of China and the Summa Group signed a cooperative agreement about development of the port at the fourth Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), held in Shanghai. The scheme would expand port capacity to 60 million tonnes of cargo per year. The first phase is due to be completed by 2018 allowing for 500,000 twenty foot equivalent units containers and 10 million tonnes of grain and cargo per year.</p><br>
<p>Aghavrin House is a country house in the townland of Aghavrin, situated 4.8 km north-west of Coachford village in County Cork, Ireland. The Big House and demesne were dominant features in the rural landscape of Ireland, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Location often reflected the distribution of better land, and this is evidenced in mid-Cork, where many of these houses are situated along the valley of the River Lee and its tributaries.</p><br>
<p>The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage describes it as built c. 1810, being a five-bay, two-storey over basement house, and having symmetrical chimneystacks, elegant proportions, tall windows, a centralised arched doorcase and limestone perron (staircase). A gate lodge is indicated on the 1841 surveyed OS map at the roadside entrance to Aghavrin House, but no longer appears to exist. A summer house is indicated on the 1901 surveyed OS map, as a garden feature within the grounds, and still exists as a ruined semi-circular unroofed ivy-clad stone structure.</p><br>
<p>It was once the residence of the Crooke family. Lewiss Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837) describes the demesne of Ahavrin as small but well planted, and refers to Capt. T. E. Crooke of Ahavrin House. The tithe applotment book for the parish of Aghabullogue records Thomas Crook Esq. of Ahavren&#39; as occupying c.130 acres.</p><br>
<p>The mid-nineteenth century Primary Valuation of Ireland (Griffiths Valuation) records William Crooke as occupying c. 83 acres in Aghavrin townland, which consisted of a house, offices, gate lodge and land, with the lessor being John B. Gumbleton. There is also reference to a William Crooke occupying c.20 acres of land, with the lessor being John Bowen. The Ordnance Survey name book (c. 1840) describes Aghavrin townland as the property of John Bowin, Esq. of Oak Grove, and John Bowin Gumbleton, Esq. Its condition was said to be of mixed quality, principally cultivated, but containing some boggy land, rocks and furze. To the south of Aghavrin House is Crookes Castle, constructed by Thomas Epinetus Crooke, who served during the Napoleonic Wars, mainly on board the HMS Shamrock, a Royal Navy blockade ship.</p><br>
<p>The Irish Tourist Association survey of 1944 confirms Aghavrin House as the residence of Mrs Scott (maiden name Crooke) and that her family had built the property. It also notes that, during the War of Independence (Ireland), IRA members had billeted themselves on the premises without invitation from the owner.</p><br>
<p>During the twentieth century, the property became the residence of Brigadier Michael John Cahill OBE, who died in 1968 and is interred at Christchurch graveyard, Coachford. Today, it remains a private residence, and is not accessible to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Gundlach-Grosse House is a historic house located at 625 N. Main St. in Columbia, Illinois. The Greek Revival house was built in 1857 for German immigrants John and Philip Peter Gundlach. The brothers ran a local brewery which remained in their family for four generations, and John Gundlach served as Columbias mayor for four years. The house is a 1 ½-story brick building; its corbeled brick frieze is representative of the decorative brickwork commonly designed by German immigrant builders. The entrance to the house features a classical pediment supported by Ionic columns and cast iron pilasters. Two windows with broken scroll pedimented lintels are situated on each side of the door. The houses gable roof features three gabled dormers on the front and back sides.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 18, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Lunsford-Pulcher Archeological Site is a prehistoric archaeological site in rural Monroe and St. Clair counties in Illinois. The site was the location of a Middle Mississippian village which was probably a satellite community of Cahokia. Several pyramidal burial mounds are included in the site. Archaeological excavations at the site have also discovered the remains of houses and garden beds, making the site one of the few Mississippian villages at which garden beds have been found. The site has been known to European settlers since early settlement of the area in the late 18th century; despite being used for farmland, the site remains in good condition.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 23, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Dada Harir Stepwell  is a stepwell in Asarwa area of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The stepwell was built in 1485 by Dhai Harir, a household lady of Mahmud Begada according the persian inscription in the stepwell. She was the superintendent of the royal harem.</p><br>
<p>Dhai Harir built a mosque and a tomb in which she was buried. The well bears two inscriptions, one in Sanskrit on the south, and one in Arabic on the north wall, of the first gallery.</p><br>
<p>The Arabic writing reads:</p><br>
<p>A Sanskrit inscription says that the step-well was built in December 1499 AD. It was during the reign of Mahmud Shah that Bai Harir Sultani, locally known as Dhai Harir, built the step-well. The name later corrupted into Dada Hari. It costed 3,29,000 Mahmudis ( 3 lakh) at that time. The ornate step-well has spiral staircases pieced into the sidewall of the well shaft and descending to the different platform levels.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>B. Spire staircases descending to the water surface.</p><br>
<p>C. Well for irrigation.</p><br>
<p>D. Inscriptions on the sides of the gallery.</p><br>
<p>E. Domed porch mounted by cupolas.</p><br>
<p>Built in sand stone in Solanki architectural style, the Dada Harir stepwell is five stories deep. It is octagonal (8-sided polygon) in plan at the top, built on intricately carved large number of pillars. Each floor is spacious enough to provide for people to congregate. It was dug deep to access ground water at that level, accounting for seasonal fluctuations in water level due to rainfall over the year. The air and light vents in the roofs at various floors and at the landing level are in the form of large openings. From the first story level, three staircases lead to the bottom water level of the well, which is considered a unique feature.</p><br>
<p>At the level of the ground, it is 190 feet long by forty wide. At the east end, from a domed canopy, a descent of eight steps leads to a covered gallery. A second flight of nine steps leads to another gallery, and a third of eight steps to the lowest gallery two or three foot above the level of the water. At each landing a corridor runs along the sides and leads to other galleries that cross the well at intervals.</p><br>
<p>Built along a East-West axis, entrance is from the East, the two spiral staircases are in West, near the well. The structural system is typically Indian style with traditional trabeat with horizontal beams and lintels. At the bottom of the well is a square stepped floor in the shape of a funnel extending to the lowest plane. This is chiseled into a circular well. Above the square floor, columns, beams, wall and arched openings spiral around; a feature that continues to the top. The top part of the well, however, is a vertical space open to the sky. The four corners of the square are strengthened with stone beams, set at 45 degrees angle. The motifs of flowers and graphics of Islamic architecture blend very well with the symbols of Hindu and Jain gods carved at various levels of the well. The dominant carvings on the upper floors are of elephants (3 in in size, each of different design). The Islamic architectural style could be attributed to Sultani Dhai Harir who built it.</p><br>
<p>Dada Harir Stepwell - 6.jpgLooking up from the lowest level of the step well.</p><br>
<p>Dada Harir Stepwell - 8.jpg</p><br>
<p>Dada Harir Stepwell - Ahmedabad - 6.JPG</p><br>
<p>Stepwell staircase.JPGStepwell staircase.</p><br>
<p>Charlottesville Coca-Cola Bottling Works is a historic Coca-Cola bottling plant located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1939, and is a two-story, reinforced concrete Art Deco style factory faced with brick. It has one-story wing and a detached one-story, 42-truck brick garage supported by steel posts and wood rafters. The design features stepped white cast stone pilaster caps, rising above the coping of the parapet, top the pilasters and corner piers and large industrial style windows. In 1955 a one-story attached brick addition was made on the east side of the garage providing a bottle and crate storage warehouse. In 1981 a one-story, "L"-shaped warehouse built of cinder blocks was added to the plant. The building was in use as a production facility until 1973 and then as a Coca-Cola distribution center until 2010.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Galemont is a historic home located at Broad Run, Fauquier County, Virginia. It was built between 1778 and 1817, as a 1 1/2-story, two-room, stone hall-and-parlor-plan residence with a one-room cellar. It was expanded about 1857, and included Federal / Greek Revival-style details. In 1872, a new I-plan house was built less than 20 feet east of the original house, and connected to make one large, multi-period building with transverse center halls. It was further enlarged in 1903, with a connection to the stone kitchen and two-story wing. The later additions added a Folk Victorian style to the house. Also on the property are the contributing garage, silo, old shed, pond, a fieldstone wall , and two archaeological sites: the 1852 Broad Run Train Depot site and an intact segment of the Thoroughfare Gap Road.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Huntland, originally known as New Lisbon, is a historic estate located at Middleburg, Loudoun County, Virginia. The original section was built in 1834, and is a two-story, five bay, Federal style brick dwelling. It built by master brickmason William Benton Sr., who also constructed nearby Oak Hill, the home of President James Monroe. In 1915, the house was remodeled and enlarged with side one-story brick additions and Colonial Revival-style detailing. The estate was also enhanced with gates, walls, and terraced gardens that are reminiscent of English manor estates and state-of-the-art kennels and horse stables. Also on the property are the contributing spring house, smokehouse, and a guest cottage, all constructed around 1834, and early-20th-century structures that include secondary dwellings, a dairy barn with attached silos and a corncrib, a milking parlor, five sheds, a garage, a pump house, and a cistern.</p><br>
<p>The Huntland estate was once devoted primarily to foxhunting, a sport that reinvigorated the economy of the region in the early-20th century. Between 1955 and 1963, the estate was owned by George R. Brown and Herman Brown of Houston, Texas, and Huntland became a retreat for notable Washington dignitaries including Lyndon B. Johnson. In 1962, secret international negotiations were conducted at Huntland that resulted in the New York Agreement between Indonesia, the Netherlands and the United Nations centering on the future of New Guinea.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Lovettsville Historic District is a national historic district located at Lovettsville, Loudoun County, Virginia. It contains 174 contributing buildings, 5 contributing sites, and 2 contributing structures in a primarily residential section of Lovettsville. Most contributing resources consist of residences and associated outbuildings dating from the early-19th to early-20th centuries. They are vernacular interpretations of a variety of popular architectural styles including Federal, Queen Anne, Italianate, Romanesque, and Bungalow. Notable resources include the Lovettsville Union Cemetery, First German Reformed Church site and cemetery, New Jerusalem Lutheran Church  and cemetery, Union Cemetery, African-American Methodist Episcopal Church  and cemetery, Presbyterian cemetery, Lovettsville Masonic Lodge , former Grubbs Store , former Red Men‘s Lodge , and Willard Hall .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Aghavrin Mass Rock is located in Aghavrin townland, 4.8 km north-west of Coachford village.</p><br>
<p>Following the religious strife of the seventeenth century and the passing of penal laws in 1695, celebrating Catholic mass in Ireland became a dangerous practice for priest and congregation. Isolated and secluded sites were selected for worship, and natural rocks and boulders often came to be used as an altar or Mass rock. It is often through local knowledge that their locations are still identifiable. The practice of celebrating mass in such fashion was in decline by the middle of the eighteenth century, when many Catholics worshipped in thatched mass-houses.</p><br>
<p>According to Hartnett (1939) it was a sort of ledge or stone altar, located at the foot of Carrigacnubber rock, where Mass was said to have been celebrated in Penal times. In close proximity is an ornamental tower known as Crooke&#39;s Castle.</p><br>
<p>The site is located on private property with no direct access.</p><br>
<p>The Spivey Building is a twelve-story skyscraper located at 417 Missouri Avenue in East St. Louis, Illinois. Built in 1927, the building is the only skyscraper ever constructed in East St. Louis. Architect Albert B. Frankel designed the building in the Commercial style. The buildings design features terra cotta spandrels separating its windows vertically and brick pier dividing its window bays. The asymmetrical entrance is surrounded by decorative marble piers, and the first two stories are separated from the rest of the building by a cornice and sill. The top of the building features a two-story parapet with terra cotta surrounds at each window and seven capitals at its peak. During the height of East St. Louis prosperity through the 1950s, the building housed the offices of professionals in many fields who were considered among the best in the city. However, the building became a victim of the city&#39;s steep economic decline and has been abandoned for several decades.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 17, 2002.</p><br>
<p>St Olan&#39;s is a residence in Aghavrin townland, 4.2 km north-west of Coachford village in County Cork, Ireland.</p><br>
<p>Lewiss Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837) states a glebe of 30 acres was purchased at Aghavrin by the Board of First Fruits, but the rector did not take possession, as the annual rental was too high. The Ordnance Survey name book (c. 1840) describes the Glebe of Aghavrin as the property of Captain Crooke, being good ground with some plantation, and the remainder under cultivation. The 1842 surveyed OS map depicts St Olans Rectory, with the surrounding grounds and glebe clearly shown.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-nineteenth century, the Primary Valuation of Ireland (Griffiths Valuation) records Reverend William Welland as occupying c. 30 acres in Aghavrin townland, which consisted of a house, offices, land and glebe, with the lessor being William Crooke of Aghavrin House. Reverend Welland also occupied c. 5 acres of plantation land, with the lessor again being William Crooke. The 1901 surveyed OS map indicates a name change to St Olans, with the grounds of the property still clearly identifiable.</p><br>
<p>The Irish Tourist Association survey of 1944 refers to St Olans House, Aghavrin, the residence of Mr Devlin, Area Engineer of Cork County Council. The erection date of the property is given as c. 1840, as a Protestant Rectory&#39;, and completed c. 1890.</p><br>
<p>It remains a private residence, and is not accessible to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Andrew Drumm Institute was an orphanage for boys near Independence, Missouri. Built on a 370-acre working farm, it provided a means of support and education for disadvantaged boys starting in 1929.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Drumm, the founder of the Drumm Institute, was a successful cattle rancher who had made his fortune in California, Texas, and Oklahoma. Married but childless, he always helped the lesser privileged, especially children. The idea of the Institute was outlined in his will. His will described the creation of “a home, school and farm for orphaned or indigent boys.” Drumm died in 1919, but he had drawn up his will in 1912.</p><br>
<p>Andrew Drumm acquired a farm in 1912 to form the basis of his plan to instill self-respect and agriculture skill in indigent boys that would come under the care of the institute. Issues with settling his estate after his death in 1919 delayed the opening of the institute until 1929. The Institute was self-supporting through a combination of the endowment from Andrew Drumm, and use of the farm output for food and revenue. The boys had farm and house chores to perform that matched their age and abilities, they and received a small allowance and any profit from their 4-H farm-based projects. The boys&#39; education was a combination of schooling at the institute and well as off-site education at local schools. The institute hosted about 20 boys per year until 1944, when expanded facilities allowed an average of 35 per year, with another expansion in the 1960s leading to a peak of nearly 54 boys in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Expansion in the 1970s, changes in child labor laws, state licensing requirements and additional regulations limited the institute&#39;s ability to be self-sustaining through production and preparation of home grown food. After several failed attempts at re-purposing, an agreement permitting the development of a golf course on the grounds provided a new source of revenue. The institute is currently known as the Drumm Farm Center for Children.</p><br>
<p>One famous alumni of the institute, Richard Rhodes, wrote about his experiences there in his book A Hole in the World: An American Boyhood (1990).</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>Andrew Drumm Institute was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 3, 2006. It is a historic district consisting of 10 contributing buildings, primarily the living quarters and classrooms for the boys. After the institute&#39;s change away from farming, many of the farm buildings and fencing deteriorated and were removed. A golf course has been built on 209 acres of the surrounding land.</p><br>
<p>The South Union School is an historic school building at 21 Highland Street in Southborough, Massachusetts. The two story brick, cast stone, and wood Classical Revival building was designed by Frank Irving Cooper of the Boston architectural firm of Cooper & Bailey, and built 1911-12. It is architecturally structured somewhat like a classical column: an elevated basement level, topped by a water table, constitutes the base of the column, the two main floors resemble the body of the column, and the buildings cornice and parapet resemble its capital. The school was built to consolidate the schooling of the towns elementary school students from the nearby Cordaville and Southville villages, as part of a series of construction projects to modernize the towns public facilities. It underwent major renovation in the 1950s to improve its infrastructure, including the construction of a cafeteria in the basement, before closing in the early 1970s. It was shortly afterward reopened to serve the towns kindergarten population, which it served until 1980. In 1981 the building was repurposed to become the home of the Southborough Arts Center.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Keyhole Sink is a canyon in the shape of a keyhole near Williams, Arizona. The canyon is best known for its petroglyphs, which were created about 1,000 years ago by the ancient Cohonina people, and the seasonal waterfalls that flow into the canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>Keyhole Sink, formerly called Box Canyon, is a few miles east of Williams off Route 66 in Kaibab National Forest, and can be accessed on foot by a short, unpaved pathway known as Keyhole Sink Trail. Archaeological research suggests that not many people actually lived in Keyhole Sink, and that it was mainly used as a sort of sacred rest stop for hunters and as a place for clan initiations. Surrounding the site for a radius of fifteen miles are remnants of pit house foundations.</p><br>
<p>The petroglyphs, which were carved into volcanic basalt, date from between 700 and 1100 CE. Design elements include snakes, lizards, deer, and amorphous images. The petroglyphs are considered to be heavily weathered, and in August 2010 vandals caused extensive damage by painting huge letters on them with "silvery white paint." The petroglyphs have since been restored, but the damage is still evident.</p><br>
<p>The Jedediah Foster Homesite is a historic archeological site on Foster Hill Road in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. The 0.5 acre site was the location of the stately 18th century home of Jedediah Foster, which was built in 1735 by his father-in-law, Joseph Dwight. Dwight  was a leading military figure in colonial Massachusetts, and was active locally in public service. Foster  was one of the most influential figures of his day in central Massachusetts. He served in the provincial assembly from 1761 to 1775, and supported American independence. In 1779 he was a member of the select committee of the constitutional convention that drafted the Massachusetts State Constitution . Fosters home remained in family hands until it was given to the Quaboag Historical Society in 1902. It was shortly afterward destroyed by fire, and only foundations and other remnants survive. It is now a small local park.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Society Meeting House  is an historic meeting house at 20 Main Street in Millbury, Massachusetts. The 1.5 story Greek Revival church was designed by Elias Carter and built in 1828 for a Presbyterian congregation that had been established the previous year. The main facade has a full-height portico with four columns supporting a triangular pediment. It is three bays wide, with long narrow round-arch windows in the side bays, and the main entrance in the center, topped by a half-round fanlight. The interior has retained much of its original woodwork, despite renovations in 1862 in which the main hall was reoriented from west to east.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Oxford Main Street Historic District is a national historic district encompassing the historic center of Oxford, Massachusetts. The 95 acre district extends along Main Street from Huguenot Street in the south to Front Street in the north. Its oldest buildings are residential houses built in the late 19th century, while most of the properties were built in the 19th century, with Greek Revival architecture predominating. The oldest commercial building, the John Wetherell Store, was built c. 1817, and now houses offices. The district includes four churches, including the 1793 Universalist church and 1829 First Congregational Church, and a number of municipal buildings, including the town hall, two schools, and the 1903 Classical Revival Charles Larned Memorial Library.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Marissa Academy is a historic school building located at 610 S. Main St. in Marissa, Illinois. The building was built in 1891 for the Marissa Academy, a college preparatory academy which had graduated its first class two years prior. The private school was the first college preparatory school in the area. Graduating students at the academy could enroll at Monmouth College without taking a qualifying examination under a special arrangement. In 1900, the academy closed after a public high school opened in Marissa. The building has since been used as a meeting hall for community groups and as additional space for Marissa&#39;s elementary school. It is now the headquarters of the Marissa Historical and Genealogical Society.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 28, 1994.</p><br>
<p>There was a devastating fire on January 15, 2015 which destroyed most of the building and damaged much of the historical artifacts inside. The historical and genealogical society have set up shop in the old dollar store in Marissa. As yet they don&#39;t have all salvaged items (books, files) back from Smoke Services, but all of the newspaper microfilm and a new reader printer on which to view it are at the new facility.</p><br>
<p>The Althorpe Islands are a group of islands in the Investigator Strait, off the south-western tip of Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. The group includes Althorpe Island and two rocky islets immediately to its west known as The Boobs. These are located 7.7 km south-southwest of Cape Spencer on the mainland. Closer inshore are Seal Island and Haystack Island, which together with Althorpe Island and The Boobs constitute the Althorpe Islands Conservation Park. A management plan for the Althorpe Islands Conservation Park was adopted in 2009. The islands are uninhabited and can only be accessed by sea or by helicopter.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Althorpe Island was described in 1879 as "no means an abode of bliss, for it is bare and bleak. The vegetation is nothing but scrubby bushes a few inches high, which seem afraid to grow any bigger lest they be blown off; and the flat summit of the now inhabited island rock is swept by the wild winds that chase the rollers into foam on the rocks beneath."</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>These islands support significant seabird colonies, including the state endangered white-bellied sea eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster). The smaller islets of Althorpe Islands provide haul-out areas for nationally and state vulnerable Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea).</p><br>
<p>An early written account of the native wildlife of Althorpe Island was printed in the South Australian Register in 1879:</p><br>
<p>"Mutton birds make their holey habitations on all sides of the Althorpes; seals sport in secluded spots; swift seagulls and solemn shags make the welkin (whatever instrument that is) ring consumedly; penguins, like little lads in white pinafores, inhabit the nooks and crannies of the rocks... Sharks,sometimes of enormous size, may often be seen meandering softly round the ocean streets."</p><br>
<p>In 1951, a lighthouse keeper described the native wildlife at Althorpe Island: "Penguins nest there in the mating season, and their young are to be seen in nooks and crannies around the shore. During the summer months, from September to March, mutton birds migrating from Siberia nest on the island in millions, digging their nests in the soil, under bushes and literally covering the ground... Years ago, seals were plentiful on the island, but owing to large scale slaughter during the early days of the State, few, if any, remain."</p><br>
<h3>Little penguin colony</h3><br>
<p>In 1845, penguins and Cape Barren geese were known to frequent Althorpe Island.</p><br>
<p>In 1883, W. Reddan described Althorpe Island&#39;s little penguin colony, stating:</p><br>
<p>"It is extraordinary the number of penguins on this island, they are everywhere."</p><br>
<p>In 1884, a visit of the Marine Board noted that "Down on the rocks the penguins waddle about in large numbers."</p><br>
<p>In 1886, the penguins of Althorpe Island were briefly mentioned in The Advertiser: "pairs of whom were found peering with pensive eyes out of holes in the sandy rocks."</p><br>
<p>In 1887, The South Australian Register also described them: "In crevices of the rocks innumerable birds find refuge, and in these and in holes in the sand the queer-shaped penguin also has its habitation."</p><br>
<p>In 1897, visitors described "the eerie cry of the penguins" of Althorpe Island.</p><br>
<p>The steep track from the jetty to the island&#39;s summit passes by a cave known as the "Penguin Hotel". In 1902, a visitor described the cave, writing "the whole of the interior was honey-combed by penguins."</p><br>
<h4>Little penguin decline</h4><br>
<p>The little penguin (Eudyptula minor) colony on Althorpe Island appears to be in decline. This was initially inferred by contrasting historical accounts of their abundance with their relative scarcity, determined by a 2004 survey. In 2004, the population was 132 birds. In 2011, the colony was described as declining from “numerous” and “common” in 1982. A survey conducted in 2013 estimated a population of 84 adult birds by counting burrow activity over half the islands breeding area. This surveys results support the previously inferred decline.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The islands was first sighted by Europeans on Saturday 20 March 1802 from whilst under the command of Matthew Flinders. They are reportedly named after the family home of George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, also known as Viscount Althorp, in Northamptonshire which is actually spelled as ‘Althorp&#39;.</p><br>
<h2>Maritime Heritage</h2><br>
<p>Althorpe Island has played a significant part in South Australias maritime history. The lighthouse keepers’ cottages are of State Heritage significance and remain as evidence of the islands’ past use. Construction of the Althorpe Island Lighthouse began in 1877. An accident claimed the life of the foreman of works in 1878, slowing the projects progress. Once complete, the lighthouse was operated and maintained by resident keepers from its first light in 1879 until it was demanned in 1991. C. A. Unbehaun supervised the laying of a submarine telephone cable in 1886 from the Althorpes to Cape Spencer.</p><br>
<p>The light is now automated and is maintained by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listings</h2><br>
<p>Althorpe Island has a number of heritage-listed structures:</p><br>
<p>Althorpe Island Jetty and Railway for Trolley</p><br>
<p>Althorpe Island Lighthouse</p><br>
<p>Althorpe Island Lighthouse Keepers&#39; Cottages</p><br>
<p>Elmwood Cemetery is a historic municipal cemetery located at Norfolk, Virginia. It was established in 1853, and is filled with monuments and mausoleums that embody the pathos and symbolism of the Christian view of death as a temporary sleep. A notable monument is the Recording Angel by William Couper  at the Couper Family plot. The Core Mausoleum  designed by Harold Van Buren Magonigle , with sculptures by Edward Field Sanford, Jr. , is another notable resource.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013. It is contiguous with West Point Cemetery, listed in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Notable burials</h2><br>
<p>Governor Littleton Waller Tazewell, Sr. (1774–1860) was a US Senator and 26th Governor of Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Hugh Blair Grigsby (1806–1881) was a historian and author, and owner and editor of Norfolk&#39;s American Beacon newspaper.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Walter H. Taylor (1838–1916) was an American banker, lawyer, soldier, politician, author and railroad executive.</p><br>
<p>Robert M. Hughes (1855–1940) was a Virginia lawmaker who served as a president of The Virginia Bar Association and helped to establish what would become Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>William Sloane (1867–1940) and Florence Knapp Sloane (1873–1953) were the driving force behind the Norfolk Museum of Arts & Sciences, now known as the Chrysler Museum of Art.</p><br>
<p>Sarah Lee Odend&#39;hal Fain (1888–1962) was a schoolteacher and politician from Virginia. With Helen Timmons Henderson, in 1923 she was one of the first two women elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, and to the Virginia General Assembly as a whole. She is buried next to her husband, Walter Colquitt Fain (1888–1974).</p><br>
<p>Charles G. Pickett (1840–1899) Assistant Adjutant General of "Pickett&#39;s Division" CSA. Brother Of Major General George E. Pickett, CSA.</p><br>
<p>The Houyoux is a northern tributary stream of the river Meuse in Belgium, flowing through Hesbaye in the province of Namur.</p><br>
<p>The Houyoux rises in Warisoulx passing through the villages of Villers-lez-Heest, Rhisnes, the Namur city suburbs of Saint-Servais and Bomel before its confluence with the Meuse in the city of Namur (In the distant past it fed the moat of the northern wall of the city of Namur).</p><br>
<p>In the past, along the Gembloux-Nemur road that passed through the old municipality of Saint-Servais, the Houyoux allowed some watermill powered industry to grow and contributed to the prosperity of the village before it became suburb of Namur.</p><br>
<p>The average flow of Houyoux measured at Rhisnes, in the municipality of La Bruyère (watershed 46 km&sup2;) between 1971 and 2003 was 0.27 m&sup3; per second. During the same period there has been:</p><br>
<p>*A maximum average annual rate of 0.48 m&sup3; in 1981</p><br>
<p>*A minimum average annual rate of 0.08 m&sup3; in 1971</p><br>
<p>Newington Archaeological Site is a historic plantation and archaeological site located at King and Queen Courthouse, King and Queen County, Virginia. It was the birthplace and boyhood home of Carter Braxton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. The property contains archaeological and surviving landscape elements derived from this former 18th century plantation. While a stone building is the only above ground 18th century structure remaining, the location of the plantation mansion, two outbuilding foundations, and two cellars have been identified, among other ruins. The existing landscape components include a cemetery, historic road cut and trace, and the terraces of a falling garden. The property also contains Native American deposits associated mostly with the Woodland period .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Gulfport Veterans Administration Medical Center Historic District, also known as Centennial Plaza, is a 48-acre  compound located in Gulfport, Mississippi. The facility operated as a medical center under the Veterans Administration from the 1920s until 2005, when damage from Hurricane Katrina resulted in its closure. The property was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2010 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Development of the property began in 1916, when it was selected as the site for Mississippi’s centennial statehood celebration. The centennial exposition was set to open in the autumn of 1917, but with the advent of World War I, the event was never held.</p><br>
<p>In support of the war, Mississippi leased the property, including the temporary centennial exhibition buildings, to the USA Navy for use as a training facility. When the war ended, the USA Public Health Service took over the lease, and in 1921, opened a hospital for neuropsychiatric care of military servicemen. In 1922, the hospital was transferred to the USA Veterans&#39; Bureau. That same year, the Bureau purchased the property from the State of Mississippi and began construction of several buildings that were completed in 1923. As time passed, medical services increased and additional buildings were constructed to accommodate more veterans.</p><br>
<p>The medical center continued to operate into the 21st century, but closed after Hurricane Katrina’s storm surge caused the collapse of one structure and flooding of the other buildings to a depth of 4 ft. Following storm cleanup, the Veterans Administration transferred the property to the City of Gulfport in 2009.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing resources</h2><br>
<p>The historic district contains twelve contributing resources, ten of which are historic buildings that were constructed between 1920 and 1950 in Spanish Colonial Revival architectural style. The historic buildings were constructed using poured concrete, terra cotta brick with stucco finishes, and terra cotta tile roofs. In the post-hurricane cleanup, the interiors of all ten buildings were gutted in preparation for future renovation.</p><br>
<p>The two contributing resources that are not buildings include the main entry gates and the site landscape which incorporated southern live oaks around the perimeter of each building. The ten historic buildings are as follows:</p><br>
<h2>Future plans</h2><br>
<p>Proposed development of the property as a community oriented marketplace, utilizing existing buildings, is expected to include retail outlets, restaurants, and hotels.</p><br>
<h3>Mississippi bicentennial celebration</h3><br>
<p>The bicentennial celebration for south Mississippi was held at Centennial Plaza on March 31 and April 1, 2017. During the event, the U. S. Postal Service introduced a first-day-of-issue forever stamp to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Mississippi statehood. Approximately 25,000 people attended the two-day celebration.</p><br>
<p>The Rutter Store is a historic commercial building located at 7346 Illinois Route 15 in St. Libory, Illinois. Merchant and German immigrant Heinrich Rutter constructed the building in 1849 as a general store. The building became a commercial and social center for St. Libory, as it house a variety of other businesses in addition to the villages main store. The St. Libory post office became part of the building in 1856 and remained there until 1990, when it moved to a new building. Rutter operated a hotel and a bar in the building from the late 1850s until World War I, and a doctors office occupied the second floor during the 1870s. The general store closed in 1986, and the building was later converted to a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 6, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Majestic Theatre is a historic movie theater located at 240-246 Collinsville Ave. in East St. Louis, Illinois. Built in 1928, the theater replaced a 1907 theater which had burned down. The Spanish Gothic theater was designed by the Boller Brothers, who were nationally prominent theater architects. Multicolored tiles decorate the building&#39;s front facade, forming patterned mosaics. The front facade also features piers with decorative peaks and tall arched windows. The theater attracted numerous celebrities to its grand opening, and it represented several firsts among East St. Louis cinemas; it was the first in the city with a modern air conditioning system and the first in Southern Illinois to show talkies. The theater closed in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>The theater was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 9, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Pennsylvania Avenue Historic District is a residential historic district located on the 1000 block of Pennsylvania Avenue in East St. Louis, Illinois. The district includes four houses as well as the sites of two demolished homes. The historic district was once a prestigious area of the city known as "Quality Hill", and it contained well-built homes designed in popular architectural styles. However, East St. Louis entered a severe decline due to the loss of its industry, racial discrimination, and a corrupt and mismanaged city government. The historic district suffered the same fate as the city; the district is marked by vacant lots and abandoned buildings, and all but one of the houses had been vacated or demolished by the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>As of 1979, four houses were still standing in the district; all four are contributing buildings. The Joyce House, located at 1005 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a Renaissance Revival house built in 1901. The Katherine Dunham Museum now occupies the house; it is the only house in the district which is still occupied. The John A. Campbell House, located at 1023 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a 1907 Queen Anne house designed by Albert B. Frankel. The Malburn M. Stephens House, located at 1010 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a Georgian Revival house built in 1902; its namesake owner served as mayor of East St. Louis for 22 years. The Thomas L. Fekete House, located at 1018 Pennsylvania Avenue, is a vernacular house built in 1896. The sites of two demolished houses, the Reid-Nims House and Derleth-McLean House, are included in the district as non-contributing sites.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 27, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church, also historically known as Mill Church, Nicholas Church, and Pine Church, is a mid-19th century church located near to Purgitsville, West Virginia, United States. It is among the earliest extant log churches in Hampshire County, along with Capon Chapel and Mount Bethel Church.</p><br>
<p>The church was constructed in 1838 to serve as a nondenominational "union church". As many of the Mill Creek valleys earliest settlers were of German descent, Old Pine Church may also have been built as a meeting place for Schwarzenau Brethren adherents, known as "Dunkers" or "Dunkards". The church is believed to have also been a meeting place for German Methodist settlers. By 1870, the church was primarily used by the Brethren denomination, and in 1878, the churchs congregation split into White Pine Church of the Brethren and Old Pine Church congregations. Both congregations continued to use the church until 1907.</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church reportedly housed a school in the early 20th century while still serving as a center for worship. In 1968, residents of the Purgitsville community raised the necessary funds to perform a restoration of the church. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2012, due to its "significant settlement-era rural religious architecture in the Potomac Highlands."</p><br>
<p>The church is a large, one-story, gablefront log building sheathed in brown-painted wooden German siding. The original hewn log beams are visible beneath the church, with some bark remaining on the logs. The churchs interior ceiling measures approximately 15 ft in height and is clad in pressed metal panels. Several of its pews date from 1857. In the churchs adjoining cemetery, the earliest extant gravestone dates from 1834, and several unmarked interment sites may exist from as early as 1759. According to architectural historian Sandra Scaffidi, "Old Pine Church and cemetery is an excellent example of one of the area&#39;s early rural church complexes."</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Old Pine Church and its cemetery are located along the steeply sloped Old Pine Church Road (West Virginia Secondary Route 220/15), approximately 1.66 mi south of the unincorporated community of Purgitsville. The church and cemetery are situated on 2.3 acre atop a bluff to the west of United States Route 220, at an elevation of 1,129 ft. The property is surrounded by old-growth forests.</p><br>
<p>The church is in a rural area of southwestern Hampshire County within the Mill Creek valley. Patterson Creek Mountain, a forested narrow anticlinal mountain ridge, rises to the west of Mill Creek valley, and the forested western rolling foothills of the anticlinal Mill Creek Mountain rise to the valley&#39;s east. The Trough on the South Branch Potomac River is located across Mill Creek Mountain, approximately 3 mi to the east of the church.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Background</h3><br>
<p>Old Pine Churchs land tract was originally part of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a land grant that the exiled Charles II awarded to seven of his supporters in 1649 during the English Interregnum. Following the Restoration in 1660, Charles II finally ascended to the English throne. Charles II renewed the Northern Neck Proprietary grant in 1662, revised it in 1669, and again renewed the original grant favoring original grantee Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper and Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington in 1672. In 1681, Bennet sold his share to Lord Colepeper, and Lord Colepeper received a new charter for the entire land grant from James II in 1688. Following the deaths of Lord Colepeper, his wife Margaret, and his daughter Katherine, the Northern Neck Proprietary passed to Katherines son Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in 1719.</p><br>
<p>The church is in the Mill Creek valley. As tensions with Native Americans were beginning to ease, Lord Fairfax sought to entice white settlers to the sparsely settled lands of his Northern Neck Proprietary. The valley was one of the first parts of present-day Hampshire County to be settled by whites, beginning in the mid-18th century. Settlers were drawn by the valley&#39;s fertility. it was named for Henry Purgitt (or Purgate), who acquired 400 acres in the Mill Creek valley on January 7, 1785, and received a further land transfer of 137 acres in 1794. Purgitsville continued to develop throughout the course of the 19th century, during which time it grew to include a small store, a post office, and a blacksmith shop.</p><br>
<h3>Establishment</h3><br>
<p>The dates of the earliest church cannot be verified, but a church building may have been constructed at the site of Old Pine Church as early as around 1814, and possibly as early as 1792.</p><br>
<p>On September 24, 1838, William Pomkrotz and his wife, Milly, deeded a tract of land to a group of trustees, charged with constructing "a church or house for public worship for the use and convenience of Ministers and others of the Christians Denominations Whatsoever". While the deed mentioned an existing meeting house on the site, there is no extant evidence of a prior structure. According to architectural historian Sandra Scaffidi, no particular Christian denomination received sole ownership of the edifice, which suggests that the church was intended to serve as a nondenominational "union church". The churchs earliest resident minister was reportedly Nicholas Leatherman, whose wife, Elizabeth High, was the daughter of George High, one of the churchs original trustees.</p><br>
<h3>Brethren affiliation</h3><br>
<p>Few records of the churchs history exist, possibly because no single denomination or organization took ownership. It is believed that Old Pine Church was also used by German Methodists. Triune immersion consists of dipping a new believer into water three times, once for each of the entities of the Holy Trinity. Brethren adherents believed only in the New Testament, and professed no other creeds. The interior of Old Pine Church, which consists of a single common space for all worshippers, also illustrates the buildings connection with the Brethren and the denomination&#39;s beliefs regarding slavery. According to the minutes from the 1782 meeting of the Brethren in Franklin County, Virginia, "It has been unanimously considered that it cannot be permitted in any way by the church that a member should purchase Negroes or keep them as Slaves." While many residents in Hampshire County prior to the American Civil War were slaveholders, it is thought that Brethren adherents in the county did not own slaves or depend upon slave labor.</p><br>
<p>The Brethren denomination had been present in the South Branch Potomac River valley from as early as the 1750s although records of early Brethren congregations are not extant, possibly because they were served by itinerant ministers. In Dr. Emmert F. Bittinger&#39;s historical research on the Brethren Church in Hampshire County in his Allegheny Passage (1990), it is noted that the Church of the Brethren denomination recognized Old Pine Church as belonging to the larger Beaver Run congregation, which was centered approximately 10 mi south of Old Pine Church. Because of its location in the vicinity of the Hardy County boundary line, the district served by the church spanned both counties.</p><br>
<p>By 1870, Old Pine Church was primarily used by the Brethren denomination. By 1897, Old Pine Church remained under collective ownership by several Christian denominations although the Brethren were the church&#39;s largest shareholders. White Pine Church of the Brethren remained listed in the Brethren Conference Minutes as "Pine Church" until 1912, when members of the church petitioned the Brethren Conference to change their name from "Pine" to "White Pine".</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church reportedly housed a school in the early 20th century while still serving as a center for worship. A small one-room addition to the church was constructed to the north façade of the building, which served as the boarding room for the school&#39;s teacher. The Old Pine Church also continued to be used for funeral services and reunions.</p><br>
<h3>Restoration</h3><br>
<p>In 1968, residents of the Purgitsville community raised the necessary funds to restore Old Pine Church: the church&#39;s original windows were repaired and the unpainted weatherboards painted; a new roof was installed and the original wood floor replaced. The boarding room addition was probably removed (nothing of it now remains) and the pressed metal ceiling may have been added.</p><br>
<h3>Current use</h3><br>
<p>As of 2012, Old Pine Church is still used for community gatherings, funeral services, revival meetings, and an annual church service.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the Hampshire County Historic Landmarks Commission and the Hampshire County Commission embarked upon an initiative to place structures and districts on the National Register of Historic Places following a series of surveys of historic properties throughout the county. The county received funding for the surveying and documentation of Hampshire County architecture and history from the State Historic Preservation Office of the West Virginia Division of Culture and History. Old Pine Church was one of the first eight historic properties to be considered for placement on the register as a result of the countys initiative. The other seven properties were: Capon Chapel, Fort Kuykendall, Hickory Grove, Hook Tavern, North River Mills Historic District, Springfield Brick House, and Valley View. According to Hampshire County Commissions compliance officer, Charles Baker, places of worship were not typically selected for inclusion in the register; Old Pine Church and Capon Chapel were exceptions because both "started out as meeting houses". Old Pine Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 12, 2012, because of its "significant settlement-era rural religious architecture in the Potomac Highlands".</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Church exterior</h3><br>
<p>Old Pine Church is a large, one-story, gablefront log building. Its symmetrical front façade faces west and encompasses a main entrance consisting of a double set of four-paneled doors. The main entrance is reached by two concrete steps, on either side of which is a modern metal handrail. Above the entrance is a small wooden sign painted white reading "Old Pine Church" in black lettering. On either side of the doors are two nine-over-six double-hung sash wooden windows.</p><br>
<p>Placed symmetrically in the north and south sides of the church are two nine-over-six double-hung sash wooden windows. Between the two windows on the churchs north elevation is an exterior concrete block chimney. The layout of the east-facing rear elevation of the church is also symmetrical, and features three nine-over-six double-hung sash wooden windows, with the center window placed above and between the other two windows. The churchs windows have been repaired using materials consistent with original construction.</p><br>
<p>At the base of each of the churchs four corners is a large uncut stone pier. Fieldstones span the churchs perimeter foundations, which were added at a later date to discourage intrusion by animals. The original hewn log beams, still retaining bark, can be seen under the church. The church is covered with brown-painted wooden German siding and is crowned by a modern standing-seam metal roof.</p><br>
<p>Architectural historian Sandra Scaffidi states that the simple form and construction of Old Pine Church are indicative of the early settlers access to materials and are an example of the log construction techniques used in the religious architecture of Hampshire Countys earliest settlers. She adds that Old Pine Church is representative of a "simple design and form common to the early ecclesiastical buildings" and an "excellent example of one of the area&#39;s early rural church complexes".</p><br>
<h3>Church interior</h3><br>
<p>The churchs interior exhibits an open architectural plan. A plain wooden frame pulpit stands against the rear wall, underneath the middle window. The churchs floor consists of pine boards installed during the church&#39;s 1968 restoration.</p><br>
<p>The churchs ceiling, measuring approximately 15 ft in height, is clad in pressed metal panels. A small opening allows for access to the churchs attic. The unadorned window wells measure approximately 1 ft. The interior walls are covered in plasterboard, which remains unfinished.</p><br>
<p>The churchs small wood-burning stove originally occupied the center of the sanctuary but was moved to the churchs north wall in later years. It continues to serve as the church&#39;s sole source of heat.</p><br>
<p>Several of the churchs pews date from 1857 and remain in use. The pews, quite simple in form, have a "minimalist appearance". Each pew consists of a long wooden plank that serves as the seat, with a thin rail supported by three spindles as the backrest. The pews are supported by three arched supports joined to the seat by a mortise and tenon joint and reinforced with nails. The newer pews exhibit identical design elements but are constructed with modern nails and timber. Though most of the pews are arranged against the churchs west elevation with a center aisle, two are along the north elevation and four are along the south elevation. The pulpit is situated at the east elevation. There is an upright piano in the northeastern corner of the church.</p><br>
<h2>Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Old Pine Church is surrounded on three sides by a cemetery containing approximately 200 interments, the oldest section of which is located to the immediate east and south of the church building. The earliest remaining gravestone dates from 1834, but several unmarked interment sites in the surrounding cemetery may date from as early as 1759. The churchs sign along USA Route 220 erroneously lists the date of the cemeterys oldest interment sites as 1792.</p><br>
<p>The cemeterys headstones are oriented both to the east and to the west. The majority are simple in design, inscribed with birth and death dates, and consist of a combination of rounded, arched stones, rectangular stones, and pyramidal-shaped obelisks that appear to be cut from limestone. In the cemeterys southern section are several small rectangular stones that probably serve as footstones. Beginning around 1950, the gravestones erected in the cemetery became more intricate with polished granite surfaces lying atop rough-cut stone foundations.</p><br>
<p>Old Pine Church&#39;s cemetery is surrounded by several mature trees, with a large oak tree overhanging the southwestern area of the cemetery. Outside of the National Register of Historic Places boundary to the northwest of Old Pine Church lies a second parcel of land acquired around 1950 for additional burials. The cemetery is enclosed by a chicken wire fence supported by wooden posts, with a large gate to the north of the church which allows machinery access into the cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Harrisville Historic District is a national historic district located at Harrisville, Ritchie County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 111 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 15 contributing structures in Harrisville. It includes residential, commercial, and governmental buildings dating from the mid-19th through mid-20th century. They are in variety of popular architectural styles including Gothic Revival, Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Tudor Revival. Notable buildings include the Heritage Inn , the Lowther Building , Lowther House , the Trading Post, the Deem Building, the Lawrence Building , railroad passenger depot , St. Luke’s United Methodist Church , Harrisville Church of Christ , Stout</p><br>
<p>Hardware, and Berdine’s 5&10 Variety Store (1915). Located in the district are the separately listed Ritchie County Courthouse and the Harrisville Grade School.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>Buckhannon Central Residential Historic District is a national historic district located at Buckhannon, Upshur County, West Virginia. The district encompasses 344 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 11 contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects in Buckhannon. It consists of primarily single family residential homes dating from the mid-19th through mid-20th century. They are in variety of popular architectural styles including Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, and Bungalow. Notable contributing resources include historic brick sidewalks, Works Progress Administration sidewalks and logos, Jawbone Park, the Charles Gibson City Library building, the Liberty in Christ Church , First United Methodist Church , the First Baptist Church , the African Methodist Episcopal  Church , Victoria or Central School, and 79 East Main Street .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key is a former United States Coast Guard facility located in Dinner Key, Miami, Florida. It was built next to the International Pan American Airport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A United States Naval Air Station was established on Dinner Key in 1917. NAS Dinner Key, commanded by Lt. Cdr. Marc Mitscher, was the second largest naval air facility in the USA and was used to train seaplane pilots. The Air Station was closed shortly after the end of World War I. Later an airport was built here by Pan Am. The Navy took over the site during World War II, operating there from 1943 until 1945.</p><br>
<p>The United States Coast Guard operated an Coast Guard Air Station Dinner Key from 1932 until 1965, when operations were transferred to Coast Guard Air Station Miami at Opa-locka Airport. The former barracks and mess building were added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on August 10, 1995. On December 19, 2002, the US Coast Guard Air Station Hangar at Dinner Key was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Drury Run  is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is 7.71 mi long and its watershed is 11.5 square miles in area, most of which is forest. The stream&#39;s tributaries are affected by acid mine drainage, as are the lower reaches of the stream itself. It begins in Tamarack Swamp and flows through Leidy Township, Noyes Township, and Renovo. Brook trout, brown trout, creek chub, and eastern blacknose dace all inhabit the stream.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Drury Run begins in the Tamarack Swamp, near the community of Tamarack, in Leidy Township. The stream begins flowing southwards, following Pennsylvania Route 144. It passes Cove Hollow, Cal Hollow, Pong Hollow, and Jordan Hollow over the next several miles. It then flows into a valley which gradually gets deeper and narrower. In the southern part of Leidy Township, it picks up the tributaries Sandy Run and Woodley Draft and the stream bends southeast. At the southern border of the township, it flows through the Renovo Reservoir and enters Noyes Township, continuing southeast past abandoned strip mines. It picks up the tributary Stony Run before entering the West Branch Susquehanna River on the western edge of Renovo.</p><br>
<h3>Tributaries</h3><br>
<p>The named tributaries of Drury Run, proceeding downstream, are Sandy Run, Woodley Draft, Whiskey Run, and Stony Run. The Sandy Run sub-watershed has an area of 3.6 square miles and 5.45 mi of streams. The Woodley Draft sub-watershed has an area of 1.1 square miles and 1.82 mi of streams. Whiskey Run is not named in gazetteers or official lists of streams; it consists of acid mine water discharging from a mine pool. The Stony Run sub-watershed has an area of 4.04 square miles.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The pH of Drury Run ranges from 5.3 to 5.8 at a site downstream of Tamarack Swamp.</p><br>
<p>At the mouth of Stony Run, the concentration of aluminum in the water is 7.11 milligrams per liter and there is a daily load of 96.65 lb. The iron concentration is 0.29 milligrams per liter and the load of this metal is 3.94 lb per day. The concentration of manganese is 11.81 milligrams per liter, with a daily load of 160 lb. The acidity concentration is 67.35 milligrams per liter and the alkalinity concentration is 2.77 milligrams per liter. The daily loads are 915 lb and 37.6 lb, respectively.</p><br>
<p>At its confluence with Drury Run, Whiskey Run has an aluminum concentration of 11.09 milligrams per liter and the daily load of aluminum is 16.65 lb. The iron concentration is 5.3 milligrams per liter and 0.93 lb of iron flows through the stream each day. The concentration of manganese is 11.81 milligrams per liter and the daily load of manganese is 7.96 lb. The acidity concentration is 73 milligrams per liter and the alkalinity concentration is 0.83 milligrams per liter. The daily loads of these are 109.68 lb and 1.25 lb, respectively. To meet the USA Environmental Protection Agencys maximum allowable load requirements, the acidity load would need to be reduced by 99.5%. The total daily load of acid mine drainage in the watershed is 658 lb per day. The concentration of sulfates at the streams headwaters is 5.8 milligrams per liter, but at the mouth the concentration is 67 milligrams per liter. The concentration of sulfates at the mouth of the tributary Stony Run is 271 milligrams per liter.</p><br>
<p>As is typical for streams that begin in a bog, Drury Run&#39;s the first 1.0 mi, near Tamarack Swamp, of the stream are stained brown from tannin in the stream. The presence of tannin causes the waters in the upper part of the stream to be weakly acidic. There is a high concentration of dissolved organic compounds in the stream.</p><br>
<p>Drury Run experiences acid mine drainage, mostly in the final 3.5 mi. The tributary Stony Run is the most affected by acid mine drainage of all the tributaries of the stream.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, the discharge of Drury Run upstream of Sandy Run&#39;s confluence with it ranged from 1500 to 3700 gallons per minute.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed and geology</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of Drury Run is located in Clinton County. It is 11.5 square miles in area.</p><br>
<p>The watershed is underlain by Pennsylvanian age sedimentary rocks of the Pottsville and Allegheny Formations. The Clarion, Lower Kittanning, and Mercer coals are all found in the watershed.</p><br>
<p>A number of abandoned mines are located in the southern part of the watershed. The watershed is mostly forested.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A dam was built on Drury Run in the 1800s and was replaced shortly before 1911. The first school in the community of Renovo was built at the mouth of the stream in 1864.</p><br>
<p>In 1915, the population of the Drury Run watershed was 47. Around this time, the stream, along with Paddy&#39;s Run, was suspected of being the source of a typhoid fever outbreak, but it was determined that the streams were not the source of the outbreak. Until at least 1915, the Renovo Water Company used the stream as its water supply.</p><br>
<p>Coal mining and clay mining has been done in the watersheds of all four of the named tributaries of Drury Run. Underground mining of coal and clay in the Drury Run watershed began in the late 1800s and went on until 1940. Surface mining in the watershed was done between the 1940s and the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>Drury Run is a high-quality trout stream from its source at Tamarack Swamp to the mouth of Woodley Draft. Downstream of Woodley Draft, it still supports fish, but is also impaired by acid mine drainage. Brook trout and brown trout live and reproduce in the reaches of the stream that are relatively unaffected by acid mine drainage, but there are no fish in reaches that are significantly affected by mine drainage. Creek chub and eastern blacknose dace also live in the stream. The tributary Stony Run is completely devoid of fish.</p><br>
<p>Upstream from acid mine inflows, Drury Creek and its tributaries have healthy macroinvertebrate communities. They exhibit high species diversity, with mayflies (an acid-intolerant group) making up more than 40 percent of the macroinvertebrate population. Below the mouth of Sandy Run, the population of mayflies on Drury Run decreases significantly, with acid-resistant stoneflies the most significant macroinvertebrates in the stream. Downstream of Woodley Draft and Whiskey Run, there is less macroinvertebrate diversity in Drury Run, with mayflies making up 2% of the macroinvertebrates. At the mouth the mayfly population makes up under 1% of the macroinvertebrates. Sandy Run is the only tributary with a mayfly population.</p><br>
<p>The Kirtlandian is a North American land-vertebrate faunal age of the Cretaceous period, following the Judithian and succeeded by the Edmontonian. It lasted about 2 million years, ca 74.8 to 72.8 Mya and is characterized by the ceratopsian Pentaceratops sternbergii, which lived throughout the Kirtlandian. It was first named by R.M. Sullivan and S.G. Lucas in 2003 as a faunal age for the Kirtland and Fruitland formations. Previously, only five land-vertebrate ages were identified from the Late Cretaceous. as identified by Loris S. Russell in 1975, they include the Paluxian, Aquilan, Judithian, Edmontonian, and the Lancian. Before the naming of the Kirtlandian, three gaps, between the Paluxian and Aquilan, the Aquilan and the Judithian, and the Judithian and Edmontonian, were identified but not named.</p><br>
<p>The Fruitland Formation measures 97 to 107 m thick, and with the 594 m of the Kirtland Formation, the Kirtlandian consists of 701 m of sediments. The rock types within the formations are primarily coal beds, but also include sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, and shale. Within the sediments with a Kirtlandian age, two local faunas, the Hunter Wash local fauna, and the Willow Wash local fauna, have been identified. The currently accepted date of the Kirtlandian is 74.8 to 72.8 million years ago.</p><br>
<h2>Paleoecology</h2><br>
<p>The Kirtlandian is an age of fauna that lasted for 2 million years. It is Campanian in age, and is placed between the Judithian age, which is characterized by older taxa, and the Edmontonian faunal age, characterized by the appearance of Edmontosaurus regalis and Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis. The geological formations found to date or persist from the Kirtlandian are the Bearpaw, the upper Kaiparowits Formation, the Kirtland, Fruitland, Williams Fork, Fort Crittenden, Ringbone, Corral de Enmedio, Packard, and El Gallo formations, and possibly the lower part of the Cerro del Pueblo Formation and upper region of the Aguja Formation. These formations are exposed in Alberta and Montana, Utah, New Mexico, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, Baja California, Baja California, and possibly Coahuila, and Texas, respectively.</p><br>
<h3>Stratigraphy</h3><br>
<p>The stratigraphy of the Kirtlandian was studied by Robert M. Sullivan and Spencer G. Lucas in 2003, Sullivan in 2006a, Lucas and Sullivan in 2006b, and Nicholas R. Longrich in 2010.</p><br>
<h4>Local faunas</h4><br>
<p>Two local faunas are known from the Kirtlandian faunal age. They include the Hunter Wash local fauna and the Willow Wash local fauna. The Hunter Wash local fauna was defined as the vertebrates "obtained from the upper 40 feet of the Fruitland Formation and the lower 55 feet of the lower shale of the Kirtland Shale (now a formation) in Hunter Wash (member)." The Hunter Wash fauna therefore includes all taxa from the Bisti region of the Bisti/De-Na-Zin Wilderness, and the animals from the Fossil Forest and Ah-shi-sle-pah Wash. The Willow Wash fauna was named for all the fauna of the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation. The majority of the fauna from the Willow Wash were originally thought to belong to the Alamo Wash local fauna of the Ojo Alamo Formation, until it was found that the entire fauna was in fact from the older Kirtland Formation.</p><br>
<h4>Thickness</h4><br>
<p>The Kirtland and Fruitland formations both consist of the major formations in the Kirtlandian age. The Fruitland Formation was measured in 2003 to be between 97 and thick, and the Kirtland was measured at 594 m thick. Together they measured 691 to 701 m. Later in 2010, a different study found more precise measurements. It found the Fruitland Formation to be 100 m thick, and the Kirtland Formation to be around 600 m thick. These thicknesses combine to give the formation a height of 700 m.</p><br>
<h4>Lithology</h4><br>
<p>The lithology of the Kirtlandian formations are made up of mostly a combination of coal beds. The Fruitland Formation consists entirely of them, and one fifth of all rocks of the Kirtland Formation are a coal. The other common rocks found in the Kirtland Formation are siltstone, mudstone, shale and most commonly, sandstone. The Bisti Bed of the Hunter Wash Member is made up completely of sandstone, which marks the border between the Kirtland and Fruitland formations.</p><br>
<h4>Age</h4><br>
<p>The Kirtlandian faunal age was named by Lucas and Sullivan in 2003, and found by their original study to date from 74.9 to 72 million years ago. In 2006, Sullivan and Lucas refined their estimate, stating that the Kirtlandian ranged from 75 to 72.8 million years ago. Later that year, Sullivan changed the time range again, finding that the faunal age lasted only 2 million years, from 74.8 to 72.8 million years ago. He said that the later part of the Kirtlandian, from the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation, dated to 73 million years ago, on the basis of ash layers dating to 73.04 and 73.37 million years ago. This observation was based on findings by Sullivan and Lucas, who dated the two ash layers from 73.04 ± 0.25 and 73.37 ± 0.28 million years ago. They also dated the earlier ashes from the Fruitland Formation, which dated to 75.56 ± 0.41, 74.55 ± 0.29, and 74.11 ± 0.62 million years ago. The first ash, called by them the Dog Eye Pond, was found slightly higher than the start of the Fruitland Formation, which meant that the start of the Fruitland Formation was older than 75.5 million years ago. More precise dating in 2010 by Longrich found that the second youngest ash can actually be dated more precisely than thought by Sullivan (2006), only having an error range of 0.18 million years. Longrich also dated the two older ashes, finding a date the same as that of Sullivan in 2006. These ash datings are what Sullivan used to find the precise age of the Kirtlandian age.</p><br>
<h3>Fauna</h3><br>
<p>The Kirtlandian has a distinct fauna, including four species distinguishing it from other ages. The species include the dinosaurians Pentaceratops sternbergii, Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus, and Kritosaurus navajovius, with the only non-dinosaurian being Melvius chauliodous, a fish taxon.</p><br>
<h4>Fruitland and Kirtland Formations</h4><br>
<p>The dinosaurian fauna from the Kirtlandian from the Fruitland and Kirtland formations includes the theropods Bistahieversor sealeyi (previously Daspletosaurus and Albertosaurus sp.), Ornithomimus antiquus, and "Saurornitholestes" robustus (previously Saurornitholestes langstoni); the titanosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis; the hadrosaurids Anasazisaurus horneri, Kritosaurus navajovius, Naashoibitosaurus ostromi, Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus, and Parasaurolophus tubicen; the ankylosaurians Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis, Glyptodontopelta mimus, and Ahshislepelta minor; and the marginocephalians Sphaerotholus goodwini (called Prenocephale goodwini), Stegoceras novomexicanum (previously Stegoceras validum), Pentaceratops sternbergii, Titanoceratops ouranos, and a new genus and species of centrosaurine.</p><br>
<p>Fossil turtles were very abundant in the Kirtlandian, and in the Campanian in general. Over 200 specimens and 15 species of turtle have been found from the Fruitland/Kirtland Formations. Among the turtles are the bothremydid Chedighaii hutchisoni; the pleurosternid Compsemys sp. the baenodds Denazinemys nodosa and Scabremys ornata (previously Denazinemys ornata); the non-baenodd baenids Neurankylus baueri, Thescelus hemispherica, and Thescelus rapiens; the adocids Adocus bossi and Adocus kirtlandicus; the nanhsiungchelyids Basilemys gaffneyi and possibly Basilemys nobilis; the trionychids Aspideretoides austerus, Aspideretoides robustus; and two indeterminate turtles, one a plastominine, and one assigned to Kinosternoidea.</p><br>
<h4>Williams Fork Formation</h4><br>
<p>Kirtlandian fauna are also present in the Williams Fork Formation. The principal index taxon of the Kirtlandian, Pentaceratops sternbergii, in known from the formation, along with the theropods Troodon formosus, Dromaeosaurus albertensis, Saurornitholestes langstoni, Richardoestesia gilmorei, and indeterminate tyrannosaurids; the ankylosaurians Ankylosaurus magniventris and Nodosauridae indet. the ornithopods Thescelosaurus neglectus and an unnamed hadrosaurid. Mammals from the formation include Mesodma thompsoni, Cimolodon nitidus, ?Cimolodon sp., Cimolomys sp., cf. Meniscoessus intermedius, Meniscoessus major, Meniscoessus collomensis, ?Paracimexomys sp., Turgidodon rhaister, Turgidodon russelli, Alphadon marshi, Alphadon wilsoni, Pediomys cooki, Aquiladelphis incus, Eodelphis sp., and Aenigmadelphys sp. nov., although many identifications of mammals, as well as dinosaurs are uncertain.</p><br>
<h4>Fort Crittenden Formation</h4><br>
<p>The Fort Crittenden Formation is one of many formations dating from inside the Kirtlandian. The formation is characterized by Melvius, a possible index taxon for the Kirtlandian. Species other than Melvius sp. include the fishes Myledaphus bipartitus, cf. Pachyrizodus sp., lepisosteids, and pycnodontids; the turtles Brasilemys, "Aspideretes" sp., and "Plastomenus", the dinosaurs cf. Saurornitholestes and cf. Richardoestesia; the amphibians cf. Opisthotriton and cf. Scapherpeton sp. the crocodylian Allognathosuchus sp. teiid and anguid lizards; and possibly a pterosaur.</p><br>
<h4>Ringbone Formation</h4><br>
<p>Few fossils have been found in the Ringbone Formation, the only significant one being a specimen that is either Albertosaurus sp. or Daspletosaurus sp., known from a tooth and vertebrae. The only reason the Ringbone Formation is assigned to the Kirtlandian age is because the rocks are the same age as the Fort Crittenden Formation, which contains one of the index taxa of the Kirtlandian.</p><br>
<h4>Upper Aguja Formation</h4><br>
<p>The upper region of the Aguja Formation is from the Kirtlandian. Fauna from the section of this formation include the protostegid turtles Terlinguachelys fischbecki and "Aspideretes&quot the crocodylian Deinosuchus riograndensis (previously Phobosuchus); the dinosaurs Agujaceratops mariscalensis, Kritosaurus navajovius, Kritosaurus sp., Panoplosaurus sp., ?Stegoceras sp., Saurornitholestes langstoni, Richardoestesia isosceles, Richardoestesia cf. gilmorei, an intermediate tyrannosaurid, and an unnamed ornithomimid.</p><br>
<h3>Paleobiogeography</h3><br>
<p>The two main formations of the Kirtlandian, the Fruitland and Kirtland, were originally included in the older Judithian age, an interpretation superseded with the naming of the Kirtlandian. In 1975, Russell identified five Late Cretaceous land-vertebrate ages, the Paluxian, Aquilan, Judithian, Edmontonian, and Lancian, based on mammal assemblages. Three previously unnamed faunal ages were given names and term "Kirtlandian" was chosen for the gap between the Judithian and Edmontonian. Pentaceratops is distributed throughout all of the San Juan Basin. Outside of the basin, Pentaceratops is well-known, and known with certainty, from the Williams Fork Formation. This means that the formation, along with the Cretaceous formations of the basin, are inside the Kirtlandian.</p><br>
<h4>Associations</h4><br>
<p>The Kirtlandian is characterized by a single vertebrate association. The association was identified by Lehman in 2001 and termed the "Kritosaurus - Parasaurolophus association". This association was found to only be present in the later half of the Kirtlandian faunal age, around 73.4–73 million years ago. Another association, this one the "Corythosaurus - Centrosaurus association" is found at the very end of the Judithian, right before the Kirtlandian, between 76.5 and 74.2 million years ago. Another association, the "Pachyrhinosaurus - Edmontosaurus association", was found to date to 70.6 mya, and it used to symbolize the end of the Kirtlandian.</p><br>
<p>The Broadview Hotel is a historic hotel building located at 415 E. Broadway in East St. Louis, Illinois. The Classical Revival hotel was constructed in 1927. From its opening until the 1950s, the hotel was one of the finest in East St. Louis. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When it opened in 1927, the hotel was the largest and most luxurious hotel in the city. The 260-room hotel included a restaurant, a rooftop garden, a ballroom and meeting rooms, and air conditioning and bathrooms in each room. The hotel intended to attract both local civic groups and out-of-town visitors; it succeeded in this in its first year, as the citys Elks Lodge moved to the building and the Illinois State Convention of Realtors held its annual meeting there. The hotel also housed the studio for the first radio station in East St. Louis; WIL broadcast from the studio from 1927 to 1935, when WTMV took over the studio. The Rotary club of East St Louis held their weekly noon meeting from 1927 for over 30 years. Rotarians were investors in the building as well. The hotel remained one of the citys most important until the 1950s, when large hotels became less popular nationally. In 1957, Southern Illinois University began renting office space in the building, as it had recently opened a satellite campus in East St. Louis; the university purchased the hotel outright in the 1970s. Since the university left the building in 2004, it has remained vacant. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Widmer Engineering Company designed the hotel in the Classical Revival style. The Classical Revival style was both nationally popular in the 1920s and commonly used in hotels in the St. Louis area. The brick building is built around a concrete frame and features terra cotta facing on its front facade. The terra cotta facing marks the two outer bays of the taller central section of the building; terra cotta is also used surrounding the entrance, in multiple belt courses between stories, and in the buildings cornice. The buildings design is relatively plain and free of ornamentation; this both reflected the utilitarian focus of the engineering company and the cost-effective approach of the hotel&#39;s owners, who did not wish to pay for separate architectural and engineering firms.</p><br>
<p>The Berger-Kiel House is a log house located at 931 N. 6th St. in Mascoutah, Illinois. The house was built circa 1863-64 for German immigrant Jacob Berger and his family. The log house was built in a traditional manner using dovetail notching and has a hall and parlor layout. A wooden frame addition was placed on the house circa 1868-72. Log houses such as this one were popular among low-income families as an inexpensive house type in wooded rural areas. The Berger-Kiel House is one of the few log houses remaining in the Mascoutah area. While it was originally located at 8910 Illinois Route 4, it was moved to its current site during the construction of MidAmerica St. Louis Airport.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 12, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The George Draser Jr. Houses are a pair of neighboring houses located at 48 and 52 W. Main St. in Mascoutah, Illinois. The houses are both Queen Anne structures designed and built by local architect George Draser Jr. The house at 48 W. Main St. is a one-story cottage known locally as the Doll House due to its size. The house&#39;s design features gables with patterned shingles and decorative spindlework at the porch frieze and the peak of the gables. The house at 52 W. Main St. is a full-size house which Draser built for himself and his family. The house features a tower topped by a finial at its northeast corner, a large gable on its rear facade, and a hipped roof with cross gables and a small dormer. The entrance to the house is located within a porch supported by Ionic columns; a pediment tops the porch above the doorway.</p><br>
<p>The houses were added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 11, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Sutton Salt Lake in Otago, is New Zealand&#39;s only inland salt water lake. It is located 10 kilometres west of Sutton, in the Strath Taieri.</p><br>
<p>The lake is filled only by rainwater and dries up during periods of warm weather and little rain.</p><br>
<p>Sutton Salt Lake is also unique in that it lies in a region of windy cool-temperate maritime climate. This makes it different from most of the world&#39;s saline lakes, which usually form in arid continental landscapes. The total area of the lake, when the shallow depression is filled with rainwater, is nearly two hectares. The nearest coast is 50 kilometers from the lake.</p><br>
<p>The area around Sutton Lake gets 500 mm of rainfall annually. Coastal hills create a minor barrier to the rain, halving the amount of rainfall that the lake receives. Strong winds increase the lake&#39;s surface evaporation rate, which is around 700 mm/year.</p><br>
<p>The Pierre Martin House is a French Colonial House located at the intersection of First Street and Old Route 3 in North Dupo, Illinois. The house, one of the oldest in Illinois, was built circa 1790 in what was at the time the French village of Pierre du Pont, which was established during a wave of French settlement in southwestern Illinois. It is one of six surviving poteaux-sur-sol buildings in Illinois and the only one owned by an upper-middle-class individual. The poteaux-sur-sol style, known in English as post on sill, used vertical logs to construct houses; the style, originally developed in Europe, had faded in popularity before French colonists revived it. Only 33 vertical log buildings remain in the United States; of these, the Pierre Martin House is one of only two with a dressed stone basement.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 9, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Emerald Mound and Village Site  is a pre-Columbian archaeological site located northwest of the junction of Emerald Mound Grange and Midgley Neiss Roads in St. Clair County, Illinois. The site includes five mounds, two of which have been destroyed by modern activity, and the remains of a village. Middle Mississippian peoples inhabited the village, which was a satellite village of Cahokia. The largest of the mounds is a two-tiered structure that stands 50 ft high; its square base is 300 ft across, while its upper tier is 150 ft across. At the time of its discovery, the mound was the second-largest known in Illinois after Monks Mound at Cahokia.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 26, 1971.</p><br>
<p>Mullinhassig Wood is a Coillte-owned property, straddling the townlands of Aghavrin and Shanavagha, 4 km north-west of Coachford village in County Cork, Ireland. Poulanassig Waterfall is located within the wood, 0.75 km west of the entrance, and can be viewed from the water&#39;s edge, or from a path above. It is a beautiful and scenic place, accessible to the public, and frequented by locals and visitors alike.</p><br>
<p>Mullinhassig, is an anglicised place name of the Irish Muileann an Easaigh, meaning Mill of the Waterfall. Lewis describes the glen of Mullinassig as having beautiful and romantic scenery, its sides adorned with wood, and at its head a little mill, below which the river forms a cascade and a little lower falls into a beautiful lake. The romantic glen of Mullinassig is also said to derive its name from a mill. Milner (1975) describes the lovely waterfall of Mullinhassig, interpreting Muileann Easaigh as the mill of the waterfall. This particular premises was a fulling mill, which in later times was converted to a creamery, and a private residence now occupies the site.</p><br>
<p>The 1842 surveyed OS map depicts a cataract, and correctly gives the name as Poulanassig. This is Poulanassig Waterfall, generally regarded as Mullinhassig Waterfall and incorrectly named on informational signage. Mullinhassig Waterfall actually adjoins the mill site to the north-west of Poulanassig, and is correctly depicted on the 1842 surveyed OS map. The 1901 surveyed OS map also correctly names Poulanassig waterfall, and refers to the glen as Mullinhassig.</p><br>
<p>Three waterfalls have existed in this area, and two remain (Mullinhassig & Poulanassig waterfalls). The Ordnance Survey (OS) name book (c. 1840) describes a small pond of water as 2 chains (0.04 km) north of Poulanassig in the River Clashgorrave, and at the mouth of which is (Mullinhassig) waterfall of about 18 feet. This pond was known as Goods pond, as depicted on the 1842 surveyed OS map, and so named after the landowner who ran an irrigation stream from the pond to his land. The OS name book also describes a pond of water in the River Clashagorrave c. 10 chains (0.2 km) south of Poulanassig, and, at its mouth, 12 foot Poulachourane Waterfall. This pond was Bowings (Bowen&#39;s) Pond, constructed by Bowen of Oakgrove, with an irrigation stream leading from it to his land. This pond no longer exists and is now a wet, overgrown area, with a small stream running through. Neither does Poulachourane Waterfall exist, also depicted on the 1842 surveyed OS map.</p><br>
<p>The Irish Tourist Association survey of 1944 advises that (Poulanassig) waterfall is a thirty foot cascade of the Glashnagarriff river, and a popular venue with visitors, and interestingly gives some local folklore. A mermaid in the form of a salmon is said to reside in the waterfall pool, who, if approached quickly in late evening, can be seen combing her hair on a stone stool to the left of the waterfall. If a stranger is sensed, she dives to the bottom of the pool. Near the brink of the waterfall is a boulder, said to be the mermaids table. Another version has the mermaid enticing unwary anglers to the bottom of the pool, where they spend the rest of their existence releasing fish from the hooks of fellow anglers. This is said to be the reason why no fish are caught there, though the pool is full of salmon&#39;.</p><br>
<p>At the eastern end of Mullinhassig Wood is Aghavrin Clapper Bridge.</p><br>
<p>Seebert Lane Colored School, also known as Pleasant Green School and Hillsboro School, is a historic one-room school for African-American students located at Seebert, Pocahontas County, West Virginia. It was built about 1898, and is a one-story, front-gable frame building. The rectangular plan building measures approximately 24 feet, 4 inches, by 40 feet, 4 inches. The building has a symmetrical facade, small porch supported by two simple, rounded columns, and a cupola. Also on the property is a contributing fuel shed. In 1921, the children of Seebert Lane Colored School were photo documented by Lewis W. Hine as part of his work with the National Child Labor Committee . There is no reliable date for when the building stopped operating as a school, though it likely coincided with desegregation in 1954.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012.</p><br>
<p>The Monticello Confederate Monument stands at the end of the main entrance road to the Oaklawn Cemetery in Monticello, Arkansas. It was dedicated in 1915 to the Confederate soldiers of Drew County who served in the American Civil War. The main sculpture, which is made of marble, depicts a uniformed Confederate soldier carrying a blanket roll, and wearing a scabbard. He stands with both hands on a rifle, whose butt end is on the ground. It measures 6 ft tall and about 20 in square, and stands on a marble base 20 ft high. It is inscribed as follows:</p><br>
<p>east side: CSA / TO THE / CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS / OF DREW COUNTY / 1861 - 1865</p><br>
<p>north side: ERECTED BY THE / W. F. SLEMONS CHAPTER / U. D. C. / 1914</p><br>
<p>south side, beneath a furled flag: FURL THAT BANNER! TRUE, / TIS GORY / YET, TIS WREATHED AROUND / WITH GLORY, / AND WILL LIVE IN SONG / AND STORY, / THOUGH IT&#39;S FOLDS ARE IN THE DUST. / FATHER RYAN.</p><br>
<p>west side, beneath crossed sabers: LEST / WE / FORGET</p><br>
<p>The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The James C. Twiss House is a historic house located at 298 N. Page St. in Aviston, Illinois. The house was built in 1907 for James C. Twiss, a prominent Clinton County farmer. Architect George Franklin Barber, known nationally for his mail-order house designs, designed the plans for the house, which Twiss selected from a catalog. The Queen Anne house is two-and-one-half stories tall with wood siding and a limestone foundation. A hexagonal tower and a large gable with patterned woodwork mark the front facade of the house. The house&#39;s wraparound front porch is supported by Tuscan columns; a small gable, also with patterned woodwork, tops the porch at the entrance. A recessed balcony with Tuscan columns is located on the second floor above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 17, 2010.</p><br>
<p>Rollin Furbeck House is a Frank Lloyd Wright design house in Oak Park, Illinois that was built in 1897. It is part of the Frank Lloyd Wright-Prairie School of Architecture Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is considered a major transitional work for Wright as his previous designs were either square or rectangular,unlike this one, which holds (see the porches extruding toward the east and west)one of the first cruciform-pinwheel layout made by Wright.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>Characteristics yet unseen in previous Frank Lloyd Wright designs, this house points to it being one of the first he constructed experimenting with vertical elements (such as the considerably large three-story center tower and vertical octagon-shaped columns).</p><br>
<p>Other recurrent Wright features consist of the continuation of the surface used on a story to the next story; the path to a front entrance purposefully obscured by the architect; the use of geometric shapes simple in design; and the implementation of visually-protective colonnettes in front of textured diamond-paned windows, typical Wright characteristics which can be found in many other of his works.</p><br>
<h2>Interior</h2><br>
<p>Not unlike many other of his works, Wright used an abundant source of natural light to allow a free flow of space; a characteristic which purpose is to give the impression of space even when there is none; woodwork was also used to create an ambient effect of warmth and coziness. Some of the first, nowadays very used in suburban residential homes features such as picture windows, suggestively the first used in a private single-family house in that period of history are also used. Note that many of Wright&#39;s more traditional characteristics usually found in his more early works can also be found in this residence, i.e. the large massive concrete fireplace woven into a wall, or diamond-paned windows.</p><br>
<p>Huopanankoski  is a popular fishing rapids in Central Finland with cultural heritage landscape. Sport fishing has been practised in these waters since the 1800s. The rapids became famous due to the Finnish author and journalist Juhani Aho, who wrote popular short stories of his flyfishing experiences.</p><br>
<p>Huopana is located on the waterway from Lake Kivijärvi to Lake Keitele. The rapids consist of a narrow forked stream flowing from Lake Vuosjärvi to Lake Muuruejärvi with a total elevation difference of 6.5 m. The left fork of the rapids is in a nearly natural state. The right fork has been slightly modified for log floating. In the village there is also an old power station, a mill and an old road bridge. The Huopana village is situated at the lower part of the rapids.</p><br>
<p>The fishing season is from January 1 to September 10 and from November 16 to December 31. The natural catch species are brown trout, ide, grayling and whitefish. Stocked species are brown trout and grayling.</p><br>
<p>The William W. Jarvis House is a historic house located at 317 E. Center St. in Troy, Illinois. The house was built in 1867 and has been listed on the since 1988.</p><br>
<h2>William W. Jarvis</h2><br>
<p>William W. Jarvis was a Madison County, Illinois native, born on 11 March 1842, the fourth child of Wesley Jarvis, a farmer. His grandfather, John Jarvis, was an early Troy Settler and was one of the first practical abolitionists in Madison County. On 10 Sept 1814, John Jarvis and Titus Gregg made the first entries of land that would become the current city of Troy—the township in which the city is located still bears his name. William built this house in 1867, in anticipation of his marriage to Ms. Sarah Barnsback on 23 Dec of that year. The property, on which the home sits in its original location, was a 13-acre land grant given by President Monroe, approximately two acres of which remain.</p><br>
<p>By all accounts, Jarvis received a good business education in the schools of Troy. In 1861, as the Civil War broke out, he was an early volunteer for the Union Army, Company One, Ninth Illinois Infantry. After serving an initial three-month enlistment, he re-enlisted for three years and mustered out as a Sergeant in 1864. He served in nearly all of the Ninth’s 110 engagements with distinction, was wounded twice, and was taken captive by the enemy twice. After the war, he took up farming and studied law.</p><br>
<h3>Business Pursuits</h3><br>
<p>He soon abandoned his study of law in favor of matrimony and mercantile pursuits. In partnership with J. A. Barnsback, he opened the first lumberyard in Troy. He purchased his partner’s interest in 1869 and conducted the business successfully as sole owner until 1876, when he entered the livestock commission trade at the National Stockyards at St. Clair, Co., Ill. In 1885, with H.H. Padon as his partner, he opened the Troy Exchange Bank and became sole proprietor in 1887. While political office didn’t appeal to him, he still served his fellow citizens as one of the first commissioners of Madison County, from 1874-1876, before inauguration of the township system.</p><br>
<h3>Friendship With General William Tecumseh Sherman</h3><br>
<p>Jarvis had met General William Tecumseh Sherman during the Civil War and the two became friends, corresponding often by mail. Numerous letters, newspaper accounts, and stories from his descendants document his management of Gen. Sherman’s business affairs in the Troy area, and their friendship. Gen. Sherman was a guest at the Jarvis home when he visited the area, and Mr. Jarvis named one of his sons (Willie Sherman Jarvis, who died in childhood) after the General.</p><br>
<h2>The Jarvis House</h2><br>
<p>Mr. Jarvis designed his home in the picturesque Italianate style, which dominated American houses constructed between 1850 and 1880, particularly in the towns and cities of the Midwest. The house is significant and distinctive by its outstanding state of preservation and architectural integrity, and by its being the only remaining example in the local community of the asymmetrical, compound-plan subtype. The two-story house has a projecting mass on one side of the front facade and a porch on the other. A polygonal window bay protrudes from the first floor of the projecting mass. All of the houses windows are sash windows, constructed of sugar pine, and topped by pediment hoods. The houses cross gabled roof features overhanging eaves and a cornice decorated with large, ornately scrolled eave brackets with turned finials.The entryway of the home features a curving staircase, with a large, octagonal carved walnut newel post at the base, turned spindles, and scrolled stair brackets. The handrail is constructed of seven pieces of solid, hand-carved walnut, each individually numbered and butt-joined together. The first floor features marble fireplaces in the Italianate style in the front and main parlors, and a brick fireplace in the formal sitting room. The two main doors are solid wood with oval, beveled glass cutouts, in the Victorian style. All doors have transom windows above. A narrow stairway to the former maid’s quarters on the second floor is concealed within an interior wall. The unique floor in the formal dining room consists of alternating slats of oak and walnut. Light fixtures throughout much of the house are the original gas futures which were subsequently converted to electric.</p><br>
<p>Soon after construction, Jarvis made alterations to the house in the interest of gaining living space for his growing family. None of these alterations changed the fundamental structure and, as owner of Troy’s lumber yard, his unencumbered access to fine construction materials enabled his ability to accomplish structural alterations with matching materials and little impact. Subsequent owners added an approximately 20 foot addition to the rear of the home and a detached garage, both of which are complimentary to the original structure.</p><br>
<p>The grounds are heavily wooded, dominated by black walnut and white oak, but also containing an abundance of unique species—a previous owner was an ardent arborist.</p><br>
<p>William W. Jarvis lived in the house until his death in 1927, when his daughter, Bessie Jarvis Keller, took over residency. The house remained in the family for almost 100 years, and the current owners are only the third owners of the home outside of the Jarvis family.</p><br>
<h3>Recognition</h3><br>
<p>The home was named on the National Register of Historic Places on 3 Feb 1988, is the recipient of the Art & Architecture Plaque as one of the “”, and has been recognized as historically significant by the.</p><br>
<p>The Haskell Playhouse is a childrens playhouse located in Haskell Park in Alton, Illinois. Dr. W. A. Haskell, a physician and one of the wealthiest residents of Alton, commissioned the playhouse as a present for his daughter Lucys fifth birthday in 1885. Architect Lucas Pfeiffenberger designed the playhouse in the Queen Anne style. The houses design features a raised front porch with a projecting entrance, diagonal stickwork on the porch and first floor, and fishscale shingles on the second-story gable ends. An ornamental iron fence with a small spire tops the houses hipped roof. Lucy Haskell died of diphtheria four years after her playhouse was built, and by 1916 her mother Florence was the only surviving Haskell still living in Alton. Florence demolished the family&#39;s home that year but kept the playhouse as a memorial to her daughter; she donated the land to the city to serve as a memorial park.</p><br>
<p>The playhouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 30, 1974.</p><br>
<p>Ananias Pitsenbarger Farm is a historic home and farm complex located at Franklin, Pendleton County, West Virginia. The original section of the house was built in 1845, and includes the 2 1/2-story section on the north end, with a later 1 1/2-story addition built about 1900. The house rests on a foundation of coursed rubble stone and is clad in weatherboard siding. It has a standing-seam metal gable roof. Also on the property are 15 log and frame contributing outbuildings. They include the cellar house, two hog pens, a stable, woodworking shop, carriage house, chicken coop, granary , shed, privy constructed by the Works Progress Administration, spring house, three small hay barns, and a large double-crib log hay barn. Also on the property is the Pitsenbarger Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Angel Inn is a public house in Andover, Hampshire. Constructed in the mid-15th century, it is one of England&#39;s oldest surviving inns, and the oldest and most complete example in Hampshire. It is a Grade II* listed building, of "more than special interest nationally." Despite alterations in the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, the medieval timber frame, features and decorative details remain "remarkably intact." Archaeological and documentary evidence suggest that it was built on the site of a previous inn—the College Inn—which was destroyed in the Great Fire of Andover in 1434.</p><br>
<p>Originally constructed of four wings enclosing a central courtyard, with an archway giving access from the street—typical of late medieval inns—the pub now retains the north and east wings. The main bar room is situated in the ground floor of the north wing, which housed stables during the medieval period. The front bar occupies the ground floor room—originally a high status guest chamber—at the eastern end of the north wing, looking onto the High Street. During the early 19th century, the front bar also served as the towns magistrates court and guildhall.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, Andover became an overspill town for London, resulting in redevelopment of the town centre and the construction of a large shopping centre. The Angel Inn—along with other late medieval parts of the town—was initially earmarked for demolition in 1965 as part of the redevelopment, but was saved following a campaign by members of the public.</p><br>
<p>The Angel Inn is Cask Marque accredited and listed by CAMRA—the Campaign for Real Ale—as one of the best cask ale pubs in the UK.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Earliest inns in Andover</h3><br>
<p>Built between 1444&ndash;1455, The Angel Inn is the oldest surviving inn—and the oldest surviving building—in Andover. Local tradition claims that the site has housed an inn or tavern since at least 1174, and that a part of the fabric of the current building dates from this time. Although there is no documentary evidence for a 12th century inn, stone "robbed" from the nearby 12th century priory has been found re-used in a Tudor dwelling on the High Street. H.W. Earney, in his Inns of Andover (1971), notes: "Saxon Andover consisted of two main thoroughfares—the Harrow Way to London, and the road from Southampton to Newbury. These two roads once crossed in front of the Angel Inn, so that it is likely, when the first Andover inn was built, that this was the most convenient spot for it to be sited." Edward Roberts also states that such a "prime urban site" would have been a likely location for medieval hostelries. Certainly, beer was being retailed in Andover by 1317, as an entry in the Guild Rolls for that year records a decree that beer should be sold in the town for the price of 1&frac12; d. per barrel.</p><br>
<h3>The College Inn</h3><br>
<p>Formerly an alien priory under the control of the Abbey of Saint-Florent de Saumur in Anjou, France—to whom it had been gifted by William I in 1087 and William II in 1100—Andover Priory and its possessions were appropriated by royal charter to St. Marys College, Winchester (now known as Winchester College) on 10 December 1414. Andover was a well-established market town, central to the thriving local wool and cloth industry, and situated at the crossing of several important trade routes as well as the Harrow Way, a prehistoric trackway still in use during the medieval period as a pilgrims route to London and Canterbury. In importance, it was surpassed in Hampshire only by Winchester and Southampton, and its status ranked equally with Basingstoke and Portsmouth. Renting out an inn—which in the late medieval period served not only as a hostel for travellers but also as an important local hub for trading products such as fish, beer, wine and cloth—at such a location would have been a profitable investment for the college.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Kirby, the bursar of Winchester College and Hampshire secretary of the Society of Antiquaries, wrote in his Annals of Winchester College from its Foundation in 1382 to the Present Time (1892) that the site upon which The Angel Inn was built had previously been occupied by the College Inn, which was completely destroyed during the Great Fire of Andover in 1434. Although the College Inn belonged to St. Mary&#39;s College at Winchester, Kirby does not record whether it was built by the College post-1414 or was instead an even earlier inn obtained when the priory was appropriated. The College is known to have built at least one other inn, in 1418—also called The Angel—on the main market street of New Alresford, Hampshire. Archaeological surveys in the late-20th century exposed evidence of burning on the surface of the chalk situated beneath the south wing of the inn which may have been deposited by the destruction of the College Inn.</p><br>
<h3>The Angel Inn</h3><br>
<p>The fire of 1434 is believed to have started in a butchers shop at White Bear Yard on the High Street in the upper part of the town. John Hare writes that the area destroyed included the High Street, the adjacent vicarage, property "on Sopers Lane", and probably extended beyond the upper town, causing "a serious impact on the town at large." The economic impact was such that in 1435 and 1437, Andover was exempted from the "fifteenth and tenth" annual taxation, and paid only half of the tax in 1439 and 1444, reductions which suggest "that there was a justifiable grievance and not just the common complaints of urban poverty." The loss of rent and tithes from its destroyed properties—and the opportunity to purchase now vacant land on which to build—led St. Mary&#39;s College to invest heavily in the redevelopment of the affected part of the town.</p><br>
<p>On 4 March 1445, Robert Thurbern, the Warden of St. Mary&#39;s College, contracted two carpenters—John Hardyng and Richard Holnest—to build a timber-framed inn on the site:</p><br>
<p>The plans were originally drawn up by Hardyng, but subsequently modified by Robert Whetely, warden of carpenters to Henry VI at Eton College, Windsor. The building contract, the detailed Winchester College muniments relating to its construction, and the survival of a "significant proportion" of the structure of the original inn provide what Edward Roberts describes as "a rare combination" of evidence that makes The Angel Inn "arguably one of the most significant timber-framed buildings in Hampshire."</p><br>
<p>Construction at the site had commenced before the contract was sealed: surviving documents record that by September 1444, timber was being carted from woodland near Kingsclere, followed by the digging of a well on the site and the laying of foundations made from beer stone quarried in Devon. Simultaneously, the college was building 3 new houses adjacent to the inn. As work began in earnest, 60 oaks were felled for timber at Chute, Wiltshire, 17,000 roof tiles were carted in from Mottisfont, windows were fashioned from Caen stone carted from Botley, and 20,000 bricks—probably used the for the nogging of the inns façade—were purchased from Daniel Brykeman. Two stonemasons—Thomas Beere and John Cotyn—were engaged to build the chimney stacks and fireplaces, and to line the cellars and latrine pits. One of the final acts was the painting of the inns sign, which was made by John Massyngham at Winchester in 1452.</p><br>
<p>The completed structure consisted of 4 wings, with galleries on the upper floors of the north and south wings, enclosing a courtyard. The east wing presented the main façade and contained a gated archway, 12 ft wide, giving access to the yard from the High Street. In the original plans, the archway was to be placed at the southern end of the east wing, but was instead built at the northern end. Roberts writes: "While this could be attributed to medieval indifference or uncertainty with regard to such niceties, a more plausible explanation is the desire to site the main entrance to the inn at the junction of the High Street and the main London road." A similar archway was also built in the opposite west wing.</p><br>
<h2>Innkeepers</h2><br>
<p>Between 1456&ndash;1508, The Angel Inn had five innkeepers:</p><br>
<p>Robert Cusse (1456&ndash;61)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Fewer (1462&ndash;67)</p><br>
<p>John Waterman (1467&ndash;93)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Love (1493&ndash;96)</p><br>
<p>Edward Chamber (1496&ndash;1508)</p><br>
<p>Between 1523&ndash;24, the innkeeper is known to have been John Williams, and between 1524&ndash;25, it was kept by his widow, Emma Williams. John Hares study of the fifteenth-century personalities of Andover indicates that, as was the case in other parts of the country, the innkeepers were already "men of substance", from established families within the town, and probably prominent members of the gild merchant, or merchants guild. John Watermans older brother—also named John—appears to have been the innkeeper, with his wife Agnes, of Andovers other inn, Le Belle. The Waterman family were members of the gild merchant, as was John Jr.s wife Isabellas family, the Lekes. When John Jr. retired as innkeeper in 1493, he drew up a will which included bequests of "acres of barley", demonstrating both his landholding and his involvement in the brewing of beer.</p><br>
<p>The gild merchant was also responsible for electing the town&#39;s bailiff and 24 town councillors, or "forwardmen". The Waterman brothers both served as forwardmen. Prior to becoming innkeeper of The Angel Inn, Edward Chamber had been the innkeeper of Le Belle and had also served as bailiff.</p><br>
<p>In the 17th century, The Angel Inn was kept by Richard and Marie Pope, the great-grandparents of English poet Alexander Pope (1688&ndash;1744). Alexanders father, Alexander Pope Sr. (1646&ndash;1717), was born in the inn. In 1642, Marie Pope was fined 20d by the towns magistrates for "not selling the best beere for one pennye." She was one of 28 inn- and tavern-keepers who fell foul of Andovers official Ale Taster that year, as he carried out his duty—laid down in the towns Great Charter of 1599—to visit all licensed houses and taste the beer to ensure that it was "fit and meet for men&#39;s bodyes" and being sold at the correct price.</p><br>
<h2>Henry Thornton's touring ensemble</h2><br>
<p>Between 1787&ndash;1800, one of the wings of the inn was leased by Henry Thornton (1750&ndash;1818), a Georgian actor and theatre promoter, as a playhouse, staging up to 60 performances per year. Thornton had established a circuit of venues at coaching stops, each approximately 30 miles distant from each other—"a convenient length for a journey by coach on a winters day." Paul Ranger describes these makeshift theatres as "comfortless", with boxes constructed from bales of hay and wagons "slung from the rafters" as galleries. Thorntons permanent company was made up of a core of family members—his wife and her brother and sisters, his two sons and two sons-in-law—but was also regularly augmented by London-based performers employed for short seasons ranging from a few days to several months. One of these was the Anglo-Irish actress Dorothea Jordan (1761&ndash;1816), who became the mistress and companion of the future King William IV.</p><br>
<p>Thornton was "a man with flair but with no eye for detail little patience with learning lines, a habit which spread to members of his company." James Winston, in his The Theatric Tourist (1805), relates how, just before one performance at Andover, Thornton noticed someone in the audience holding a copy of that evenings play. Winston writes: "With such a potent evidence of their incorrectness, it was impossible to proceed..." Thornton announced that the performance was cancelled, owing to the troupes prompt-book "having been unfortunately mislaid." The audience member offered his copy as a replacement, and, "with a sigh of relief", Thornton began the performance.</p><br>
<h2>Royal guests</h2><br>
<p>King John (r.1199&ndash;1216) reportedly visited an inn on the site in 1201. John maintained a residence at nearby Ludgershall Castle and was known to visit "to take advantage of the nearby hunting forests."</p><br>
<p>Edward I (r.1272&ndash;1307) reportedly stayed at an inn on the site in February 1291.</p><br>
<p>Edward II (r.1307&ndash;1327) reportedly stayed at an inn on the site in February 1317.</p><br>
<p>Henry VII (r.1485&ndash;1509) stayed at The Angel Inn in 1497 when returning to London from Taunton after the suppression of the Second Cornish Uprising.</p><br>
<p>Catherine of Aragon, then aged 15, stayed at The Angel Inn on 3&ndash;4 November 1501, escorted by Robert Willoughby, 1st Baron Willoughby de Broke, the Lord Steward to the court of Henry VII.</p><br>
<p>James II (r.1685&ndash;1688) stayed at The Angel Inn on 25 November 1688, where he dined with Prince George of Denmark and James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, following his retreat from Salisbury during the Glorious Revolution. Having failed to persuade James over dinner that his cause was lost, the prince and the duke abandoned him under cover of darkness and defected to the side of William of Orange.</p><br>
